The general rule is that commas should be used to separate two or more adjectives that independently modify a noun. In more technical terms, commas are used between two or more “coordinate” adjectives that modify the same noun–“co-ordinate” in that they equally/independently modify the noun. Here’s my understanding of the suffix ess. I, personally, would assume the suffix ess fits well with titles given to a person of nobility. There are some exceptions that I’ve read. It probably comes down to what is pleasing to the listener.

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• Again, I’ve never written it with the dieresis, and don’t recall seeing it like that either.
• Idiomatic means that there is no firm grammar rule and you have to learn each one on a case-by-case basis.
• Use which ever feels best to you, or fits the rest of your message best.
• I think it is worth pointing out that perhaps the most common use of this diacritic to indicate diaresis in modern English is in the personal name Zoë, which is not pronounced to rhyme with “toe” but instead as “zo-ey”.
• The general rule is that commas should be used to separate two or more adjectives that independently modify a noun.

The only words that appear to have any extra resulting ambiguity from homographs are Öre, Bootës and Coöp. I think it is worth pointing out that perhaps the most common use of this diacritic to indicate diaresis in modern English is in the personal name Zoë, which is not pronounced to rhyme with “toe” but instead as “zo-ey”. There are a few other suffixes that indicate female gender but the rules of spelling get even more obscure.

What’s the difference between ‘aviator’ and ‘pilot’?

So here the adjectives are independently modifying the noun (that is to say, they are coordinate adjectives), which means that using a comma is correct. The two dots on the letter i are a French diacritic sign. The two dots in the French spelling naïf/naïve show that ai has not its normal pronunciation but is spoken as two separate vowels /a-i/. Sentence 1 refers to the event of your discovering the items in the file. Sentence 2 refers to your knowledge that they are currently in the file. In this case the difference in meaning is subtle, and not very significant.

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So “the result of your diligent study was a good grade on the test.” Aviator is now a more old fashioned term https://pinupgame.in/ for pilot.

This gave the word two syllables, “wei” and “ird”. When in doubt, use result because it implies the least. When you want to imply something negative, or potentially negative, use consequence. Reserve outcome for formal, technical discussions. As another example, the result of raising prices might be higher profit margins, but the outcome of a pricing strategy may be less profit from a reduced number of sales.

Difference between “result”, “consequence”, “outcome”

Similarly, in the expression a Greek Orthodox priest, “Greek Orthodox” forms a unit that we cannot separate or change the order of; so no comma can be used between “Greek” and “Orthodox.” The aviation industry directly borrowed the term from the maritime industry (and, originally on larger aircraft, did the same with term navigator). When it needs to be unambiguous, this sense is usually called an ‘aircraft pilot’, though it may be further qualified by the type of aircraft the pilot normally flies (for example ‘fighter pilot’, ‘cargo pilot’, or ‘bomber pilot’). Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. I think that whether or not the female -ess noun is used just depends on whether or not native speakers use that word frequently in the language. If they don’t, then they use the male noun for both genders.

• In more technical terms, commas are used between two or more “coordinate” adjectives that modify the same noun–“co-ordinate” in that they equally/independently modify the noun.
• Basically the answer is that naïve is sometimes spelled with the diaresis because it is derived from French which spells it that way.
• There are a few other suffixes that indicate female gender but the rules of spelling get even more obscure.
• For example, knowing that someone is hungry you resolve not to waste food or to campaign for restaurants to provide surplus food to a charity.

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I would leave out the redundant “got” and just say “I have long, straight, black hair.” However, the use of the word “got” implies a more colloquial rendition, so I would not be totally against the non-comma version. While all of these people were pilots (and some still are), many are also noted for contributions in areas such as aircraft design and manufacturing, navigation or popularization.

Difference between “result”, “consequence”, “outcome”

There are a huge number of alternative noun phrases for this sense, based on what terminology is used for the spacecraft in question (for example ‘shuttle pilot’). When it needs to be unambiguous, this sense is usually called a ‘ship pilot’ or ‘maritime pilot’. Basically the answer is that naïve is sometimes spelled with the diaresis because it is derived from French which spells it that way.

For example, knowing that someone is hungry you resolve not to waste food or to campaign for restaurants to provide surplus food to a charity. With or without the commas, it’s unambiguous and completely understandable. In such a simple, unambiguous sentence it’s almost more readable without the commas though.

It is actually very uncommon for native English speakers to spell it with the diaresis, largely because, as you’ve noticed, the diaresis is not normally a part of the English language. The vast majority of English keyboards don’t even contain a modifier to add a diaresis (or a tilde, accent, or any other marking, for that matter) to a letter. However, the auto-correct feature in some computer programs will change naive to naïve, as my browser has done in this post. “Long, straight, black hair” would be correct in this instance due to the way a series of consecutive adjectives must be punctuated; a good way to determine this is if you would consider “long straight” one descriptor, or if you would say “long AND straight”. If it would require an “and” to clarify the meaning, then a comma is needed.

So in terms of the word order alone, long straight black is fine. While most of us would pronounce it as “weerd” this isn’t the case in Scotland. As with naive, the word has evolved – to a greater extent – to exclude the use of two dots (Shakespeare always spells weird with both, so it definitely used to be that way).

Such as “farmer” becomes “farmerette” and “wolf” becomes “she-wolf”. This is because both “long”, “straight”, and “black” apply to the noun “hair” equally, regardless of order. I think the usage of these female nouns may be idiomatic. Idiomatic means that there is no firm grammar rule and you have to learn each one on a case-by-case basis. “The pilot” is the person in direct chrage of flying the aircraft.

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. After the Revolution, America became determined to shorten words to simplify them as much as possible (part of the reason the letter u was removed from words like “colour” and why “z” often replaced “s”), which is why over there “weird” is always said quite short. In other places, such as England and Australia, the word is often still drawn out very slightly so it almost has a second syllable. This is a remnant of when it was always pronounced with two syllables – the second syllable is still very prominent with a Scottish accent because of how the r is rolled. Especially now in the days of the keyboard, both forms of this diacritic tend to be omitted for simplicity when writing or printing English.

The word actor is a gender neutral word that defines an occupation. I, personally, wouldn’t feminize any words that are gender neutral. As with most things in English, no, there isn’t a general rule. Some words in -er have feminine counterparts in -ress.1 And most words that end with -man can be feminized by changing it to -woman. But for any given word, the only way to tell whether such a feminized version exists is to look it up in the dictionary. In other words, you can’t really go about creating feminine equivalents of random occupational words; you can merely use feminine equivalents, if they exist.

Another example is “cooperative” where the second “o” in theory has a dieresis. It’s pronounced “coh-op….” and not to rhyme with “loop”. Again, I’ve never written it with the dieresis, and don’t recall seeing it like that either. Doing good for someone means that they are an indirect recipient of the benefit of your action. For example, if someone is hungry and you give money to a charity that provides food. Result is more commonly used in regular conversation, and is most appropriate in referring to what are the effects of some actions.